The French government is imposing a curfew on two-thirds of the country - 46 million people - from Friday night for six weeks, after a record 41,622 new coronavirus infections in one day.
The total infected in the epidemic has now passed one million. In Europe, only Spain and Russia have reached that.
A week ago night curfews were introduced in Paris and eight other French cities. Now 38 more areas will have curfews from 21:00 to 06:00.
Most of Europe has rising infections.
Slovakia is to impose a partial lockdown for a week from Saturday, allowing only travel to work, shopping for essentials and school for younger children.
New lockdowns have come into force in the Czech Republic and Republic of Ireland.
There are also high infection rates in Belgium, Spain and Italy, putting many hospitals under severe pressure. Italy's Lazio and Campania regions begin night curfews on Friday, a day after one took effect in Lombardy in the north.
French crisis deepens
The wider French curfew comes into effect at midnight (22:00 GMT) on Friday, then at 21:00 from Saturday onwards.
It has drawn complaints from restaurant and bar owners, whose businesses are already suffering after the two-month lockdown in the spring.
In several regions of France, more than half the intensive care beds are now occupied by Covid-19 patients. Over the past 24 hours France recorded 162 more deaths.
A new French app called "#TousAntiCovid" has been launched, to replace the previous one "#StopCovid" that was downloaded by only 2.7 million people - far below the take-up of similar anti-Covid apps in the UK and Germany.
#TousAntiCovid is a smartphone tracing tool with more local information than the previous app.
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French Prime Minister Jean Castex said "circulation of the virus has today reached a very high level" - 251 infections per 100,000 people in the past week.
He said that was a 40% increase in one week and the reproduction (R) rate was around 1.35, "which basically means a doubling of the number of cases every two weeks". The R rate measures how many others each infected person is passing the virus on to.
Elsewhere in Europe:
Russia registered 17,340 coronavirus cases in the past 24 hours, a new daily record; the figure in neighbouring Poland - 13,632 - was also a record
Czech Prime Minister Andrej Babis called on Health Minister Roman Prymula to resign after a tabloid newspaper published photos of him emerging late at night, without a mask, from a restaurant that was supposed to be shut
Germany recorded 11,424 new cases in the past 24 hours, suggesting a stable situation still under control, with an R rate of 1.1
Portugal is imposing a lockdown on three northern districts affecting 150,000 people - and the whole country will have restrictions on movement for next week's holiday weekend
Greece has declared a night curfew in Athens and other areas. It will come into force from Saturday and applies between 00:30 and 05:00
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